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STANDARDS
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BENCHMARKS
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| Know and apply
the concepts, principles and processes of scientific
inquiry. |
11.A.3a Formulate
hypotheses that can be tested by collecting data. |
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11.A.3b Conduct
scientific experiments that control all but one variable. |
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11.A.3c Collect
and record data accurately using consistent measuring
and recording techniques and media. |
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11.A.3d Explain
the existence of unexpected results in a data set. |
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11.A.3e Use
data manipulation tools and quantitative (e.g., mean,
mode, simple equations) and representational methods
(e.g., simulations, image processing) to analyze measurements. |
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11.A.3f Interpret
and represent results of analysis to produce findings. |
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11.A.3g Report
and display the process and results of a scientific
investigation. |
| Know and apply
the concepts, principles and processes of technological
design. |
11.B.3a Identify
an actual design problem and establish criteria for
determining the success of a solution. |
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11.B.3b Sketch,
propose and compare design solutions to the problem
considering available materials, tools, cost effectiveness
and safety. |
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11.B.3c Select
the most appropriate design and build a prototype or
simulation. |
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11.B.3d Test
the prototype using available materials, instruments
and technology and record the data. |
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11.B.3e Evaluate
the test results based on established criteria, note
sources of error and recommend improvements. |
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11.B.3f Using
available technology, report the relative success of
the design based on the test results and criteria. |
| Know and apply
concepts that explain how living things function, adapt
and change. |
12.A.3a Explain
how cells functions as "building blocks" of
organisms and describe the requirements for cells to
live. |
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12.A.3b Compare
characteristics of organisms produced from a single
parent with those of organisms produced by two parents. |
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12.A.3c Compare
and contrast how different forms and structures reflect
different functions (e.g., similarities and differences
among animals that fly, walk or swim; structures of
plant cells and animal cells). |
| Know and apply
concepts that describe how living things interact with
each other and with their environment. |
12.B.3a Identify
and classify biotic and abiotic factors in an environment
that affect population density, habitat and placement
of organisms in an energy pyramid. |
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12.B.3b Compare
and assess features of organisms for their adaptive,
competitive and survival potential (e.g., appendages,
reproductive rates, camouflage, defensive structures). |
| Know and apply
concepts that describe properties of matter and energy
and the interactions between them. |
12.C.3a Explain
interactions of energy with matter including changes
of state and conservation of mass and energy. |
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12.C.3b Model
and describe the chemical and physical characteristics
of matter (e.g., atoms, molecules, elements, compounds,
mixtures). |
| Know and apply
concepts that describe force and motion and the principles
that explain them. |
12.D.3a Explain
and demonstrate how forces affect motion (e.g., action/reaction,
equilibrium conditions, free-falling objects). |
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12.D.3b Explain
the factors that affect the gravitational forces on
objects ( e.g., changes in mass, distance). |
| Know and apply
concepts that describe the features and processes of
the Earth and its resources. |
12.E.3a Analyze
and explain large-scale dynamic forces, events and
processes that affect the Earth's land, water and atmospheric
systems (e.g., jetstream, hurricanes, plate tectonics). |
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12.E.3b Describe
interactions between solid earth, oceans, atmosphere
and organisms that have resulted in ongoing changes
in Earth (e.g., erosion, El Nino) |
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12.E.3c Evaluate
the biodegradability of renewable and nonrenewable
natural resources. |
| Know and apply
concepts that explain the composition and structure
of the universe and Earth's place in it. |
12.F.3a Simulate,
analyze and explain the effects of gravitational forces
in the solar system (e.g., orbital shape and speed,
tides, spherical shape of the planets and moons). |
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12.F.3b Describe
the organization and physical characteristics of the
solar system (e.g., sun, planets, satellites, asteroids,
comets). |
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12.F.3c Compare
and contrast the sun as a star with other objects in
the Milky Way Galaxy (e.g., nebulae, dust clouds, stars,
black holes). |
| Know and apply
the accepted practices of science. |
13.A.3a Identify
and reduce potential hazards in science activities
(e.g., ventilation, handling chemicals). |
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13.A.3b Analyze
historical and contemporary cases in which the work
of science has been affected by both valid and biased
scientific practices. |
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13.A.3c Explain
what is similar and different about observational and
experimental investigations. |
| Know and apply
concepts that describe the interaction between science,
technology and society. |
13.B.3a Identify
and explain ways that scientific knowledge and economics
drive technological development. |
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13.B.3b Identify
important contributions to science and technology that
have been made by individuals and groups from various
cultures. |
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13.B.3c Describe
how occupations use scientific and technological knowledge
and skills. |
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13.B.3d Analyze
the interaction of resource acquisition, technological
development and ecosystem impact (e.g., diamond, coal
or gold mining; deforestation). |
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13.B.3e Identify
advantages and disadvantages of natural resource conservation
and management programs. |
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13.B.3f Apply
classroom-developed criteria to determine the effects
of policies on local science and technology issues
(e.g., energy consumption, landfills, water quality). |
