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STANDARDS
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BENCHMARKS
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| Understand
and explain basic principles of the United States Government. |
14.A.2 Explain
the importance of fundamental concepts expressed and
implied in major documents including the Declaration
of Independence, the United States Constitution and
the Illinois Constitution |
| Understand the
structures and functions of the political systems of
Illinois, the United States and other nations. |
14.B.2 Explain
what government does at local, state and national levels. |
| Understand
election processes and responsibilities of citizens. |
14.C.2 Describe
and evaluate why rights and responsibilities are important
to the individual, family, community, workplace, state
and nation (e.g., voting, protection under the law). |
| Understand
the roles and influences of individuals and interest
groups in the political systems of Illinois, the United
States and other nations. |
14.D.2 Explain
ways that individuals and groups influence and shape
public policy. |
| Understand
United States foreign policy as it relates to other
nations and international issues. |
14.E.2 Determine
and explain the leadership role of the United States
in international settings. |
| Understand
the development of United States political ideas and
traditions. |
14.F.2 Identify
consistencies and inconsistencies between expressed
United States political traditions and ideas and actual
practices (e.g., freedom of speech, right to bear arms,
slavery, voting rights). |
| Understand
how different economic systems operate in the exchange,
production, distribution and consumption of goods and
services. |
15.A.2a Explain
how economic systems decide what goods and services
are produced, how they are produced and who consumes
them. |
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15.A.2b Describe
how incomes reflect choices made about education and
careers. |
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15.A.2c Describe
unemployment. |
| Understand that
scarcity necessitates choices by consumers. |
15.B.2a Identify
factors that affect how consumers make their choices. |
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15.B.2b Explain
the relationship between the quantity of goods/services
purchased and their price. |
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15.B.2c Explain
that when a choice is made, something else is given
up. |
| Understand that
scarcity necessitates choices by producers. |
15.C.2a Describe
the relationship between price and quantity supplied
of a good or service. |
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15.C.2b Identify
and explain examples of competition in the economy. |
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15.C.2c Describe
how entrepreneurs take risks in order to produce goods
or services. |
| Understand trade
as an exchange of goods or services. |
15.D.2a Explain
why people and countries voluntarily exchange goods
and services. |
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15.D.2b Describe
the relationships among specialization, division of
labor, productivity of workers and interdependence
among producers and consumers. |
| Understand
the impact of government policies and decisions on
production and consumption in the economy. |
15.E.2a Explain
how and why public goods and services are provided. |
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15.E.2b Identify
which public goods and services are provided by differing
levels of government. |
| Apply the skills
of historical analysis and interpretation. |
16.A.2a Read
historical stories and determine events which influenced
their writing. |
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16.A.2b Compare
different stories about a historical figure or event
and analyze differences in the portrayals and perspectives
they present. |
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16.A.2c Ask
questions and seek answers by collecting and analyzing
data from historic documents, images and other literary
and non-literary sources. |
| Understand the
development of significant political events. |
16.B.2a (US) Describe
how th Eurpoean colonies in North America developed
politically. |
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16.B.2b
(US) Identify major causes of the American Revolution
and describe the consequences of the Revolution through
the early national period, including the roles of
George Washington, Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin
Franklin. |
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16.B.2c (US) Identify
presidential electionss that were pivotal in the formation
of modern political parties. |
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16.B.2d
(US) Identify major political events and leaders
within the United States historical eras since the
adoption of the Constitution, including the westward
expansion, Louisiana Purchase, Civil War, and 20th
century wars as well as the roles of Thomas Jefferson,
Abraham Lincoln, Woodrow Wilson, and Franklin D.
Roosevelt. |
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16.B.2a (W) Describe
the historical development of monarchies, oligarchies
and city-states in ancient civilizations. |
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16.B.2b (W) Describe
the origins of Western political ideas and institutions
(e.g., Greek democracy, Roman republic, Magna Carta
and Common Law, the Enlightment). |
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16.B.2c (US) Identify
presidential elections that were pivotal in the formation
of modern political parties. |
| Understand the
development of economic systems. |
16.C.2a (US) Describe
how slavery and indentured servitude influenced the
early economy of the United States. |
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16.C.2b
(US) Explain how individuals, including John
Deer, Thomas Edison, Robert McCormack, George Washington
Carver and Henry Ford, contributed to economic change
through ideas, inventions and entrepreneurship. |
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16.C.2c
(US) Describe significant economic events including
industrialization, immigration, the Great Depression,
the shift to a service economy and the rise of technology
that influenced history from the industrial development
era to the present. |
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16.C.2a (W) Describe
the economic consequences of the first agricultural
revolution, 4000 BCE -1000 BCE. |
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16.C.2b
(W) Describe the basic economic systems of the
world's great civilizations including Mesopotamia,
Egypt, Aegean/Mediterranean and Asian civilizations,
1000 BCE - 500 CE. |
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16.C.2c
(W) Describe basic economic changes that led
to and resulted from the manorial agricultural system,
the industrial revolution, the rise of capitalism
and the information/communication revolution. |
| Understand Illinois,
United States and world social history. |
16.D.2a (US) Describe
the various individual motives for settling in colonial
America. |
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16.D.2b (US) Describe
the ways in which participation in the westward movement
affected families and communities. |
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16.D.2c (US) Describe
the influence of key individuals and groups, including
Susan B. Anthony/suffrage and Martin Luther King, Jr./civil
rights, in the historical eras of Illinois and the
United States. |
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16.D.2 (W) Describe
the various roles of men, women and children in the
family, at work, and in the community in various time
periods and places (e.g., ancient Rome, Medieval Europe,
ancient China, Sub-Saharan Africa). |
| Understand Illinois,
United States and world environmental history. |
16.E.2a (US) Identify
environmental factors that drew settlers to the state
and region. |
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16.E.2b (US) Identify
individuals and events in the development of the conservation
movement including John Muir, Theodore Roosevelt and
the creation of the National Park System. |
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16.E2c (US) Describe
environmental factors that influenced the development
of transportation and trade in Illinois. |
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16.E.2a (W) Describe
how people in hunting and gathering and early pastoral
societies adapted to their respective environments. |
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16.E.2b (W) Identify
individuals and their inventions (e.g., Watt/steam
engine, Nobel/TNT, Edison/electric light) which influenced
world environmental history. |
| Locate,describe
and explain places, regions and features on the Earth. |
17.A.2a Compare
the physical characteristics fo places including soils,
land forms, vegetation, wildlife, climate, natural
hazards. |
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17.A.2b Use
maps and other geographic representations and instruments
to gather information about people, places and environments. |
| Analyze and
explain characteristics and interactions of the Earth's
physical systems. |
17.B.2a Describe
how physical and human processes shape spatial patterns
including erosion, agriculture and settlement. |
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17.B.2b Explain
how physical and living components interact in a variety
of ecosystems including desert, prairie, flood plain,
forest, tundra. |
| Understand relationships
between geographic factors and society. |
17.C.2a Describe
how natural events in the physical environment affect
human activities. |
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17.C.2b Describe
the relationships among location of resources, population
distribution and economic activities (e.g., transportation,
trade, communications). |
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17.C.2c Explain
how human activity affects the environment. |
| Understand the
historical significance fo geography. |
17.D.2a Describe
how physical characteristics of places influences people's
perceptions and their roles in the world over time. |
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17.D.2b Identify
different settlement patterns in Illinois and the United
States and relate them to physical featuers and resources. |
| Compare characteristics
of culture as reflected in language, literature, the
arts, traditions and institutions. |
18.A.2 Explain
ways in which language, stories, folk tales, music,
media and artistic creations serve as expressions of
culture. |
| Understand the
roles and interactions of individuals and groups in
society. |
18.B.2a Describe
interactions of individuals, groups and institutions
in situations drawn from the local community (e.g.,
local response to state and national reforms). |
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18.B.2b Describe
the ways in which institutions meet the needs of society. |
| Understand how
social systems form and develop over time. |
18.C.2 Describe
how changes in production (e.g., hunting and gathering,
agricultural, indusrial) and population caused changes
in social systems. |
