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STANDARDS
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BENCHMARKS
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| Understand and
explain basic principles of the United States Government. |
14.A.3. Describe
how responsibilities are shared and limited by the
United States and Illinois Constitutions and significant
court decisions. |
| Understand
the structures and functions of the political systems
of Illinois, the United States and other nations. |
14.B.3 Identify
and compare the basic political systems of Illinois
and the United States as prescribed in their Constitutions. |
| Understand
election processes and responsibilities of citizens. |
14.C.3 Compare
historical issues involving rights, roles and status
of individuals in relation to municipalities, states
and the nation. |
| Understand
the roles and influences of individuals and interest
groups in the political systems of Illinois, the United
States and other nations. |
14.D.3 Describe
roles and influences of individuals, groups and media
in shaping current Illinois and United States public
policy (e.g., general public opinion, special interest
groups, formal parties, media). |
| Understand
United States foreign policy as it relates to other
nations and international issues. |
14.E.3 Compare
the basic principles of the United States and its international
interests (e.g., territory, environment, trade, use
of technology). |
| Understand the
development of United States political ideas and traditions. |
14.F.3a Analyze
historical influences on the development of political
ideas and practices as enumerated in the Declaration
of Independence, the United States Constitution, the
Bill of Rights and the Illinois Constitution. |
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14.F.3b Describe
how United States political ideas and traditions were
instituted in the Constitution and the Bill of Rights. |
| Understand
how different economic systems operate in the exchange,
production, distribution and consumption of goods and
services. |
15.A.3a Explain
how market prices signal producers about what, how
and how much to produce. |
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15.A.3b Explain
the relationship between productivity and wages. |
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15.A.3c Describe
the relationship between consumer purchases and businesses
paying for productive resources. |
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15.A.3d Describe
the causes of unemployment (e.g., seasonal fluctuation
in demand, changing jobs, changing skill requirements,
national spending). |
| Understand that
scarcity necessitates choices by consumers. |
15.B.3a Describe
the "market clearing price" of a good or
service. |
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15.B.3b Explain
the effects of choice and competition on individuals
and the economy as a whole. |
| Understand
that scarcity necessitates choices by producers. |
15.C.3 Identify
and explain the effects of various incentives to produce
a good or service. |
| Understand trade
as an exchange of goods or services. |
15.D.3a Explain
the effects of increasing and declining imports and
exports to an individual and to the nation's economy
as a whole. |
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15.D.3b Explain
how comparative advantage forms the basis for specialization
and trade among nations. |
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15.D.3c Explain
how workers can affect their productivity through training
and by using tools, machinery and technology. |
| Understand
the impact of government policies and decisions on
production and consumption in the economy. |
15.E3a Identify
the types of taxes levied by differing levels of governments
(e.g., income tax, sales tax, property tax). |
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15.E.3b Explain
how laws and government policies (e.g., property rights,
contract enforcment, standard weights/measurements)
establish rules that help a market economy function
effectively. |
| Apply the skills
of historical analysis and interpretation. |
16.A.3a Describe
how historians use models for organizing historical
interpretation (e.g., biographies, political events,
issues and conflicts). |
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16.A.3b Make
inferences about historical events and eras using historical
maps and other historical sources. |
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16.A.3c Identify
the differences between historical fact and interpretation. |
| Understand
the development of significant political events. |
16.B.3a
(US) Describe how different groups competed for
power within the colonies and how that competition
led to the development of political institutions
during the early national period. |
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16.B.3b
(US) Explain how and why the colonies fought
for their independence and how the colonists' ideas
are reflected in the Declaration of Independence
and the United States Constitution. |
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16.B.3c (US) Describe
the way the Constitution has changed over time as a
result of amendments and Supreme Court decisions. |
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16.B.3d (US) Describe
ways in which the United States developed as a world
political power. |
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16.B.3a
(W) Compare the political characteristics of
Greek and Roman civilizations with non-Western civilizations,
including the early Han dynasty and Gupta empire,
between 500 BCE and 500 CE. |
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16.B.3b
(W) Identify causes and effects of the decline
of the Roman empire and other major world political
events (e.g., rise of the Islamic empire, rise and
decline of the T'ang dynasty, establishment of the
kingdom of Ghana) between 500 CE and 1500 CE. |
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16.B.3c (W) Identify
causes and effects of Euopean feudalism and the emergence
of nation states between 500 CE and 1500 CE. |
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16.B.3d (W) Describe
political effects of European exploration and expansion
on the Americas, Asia and Africa after 1500 CE. |
| Understand the
development of economic systems. |
16.C.3a (US) Describe
economic motivations that attracted Europoeans and
others to the Americas, 1500-1750. |
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16.C.3b (US) Explain
relationships among the American economy and slavery,
immigration, industrialization, labor and urbanization,
1700-present. |
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16.C.3c
(US) Describe how economic developments and government
policies after 1865 affected the country's economic
institutions including corporations, banks and organized
labor. |
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16.C.3a
(W) Describe major economic trends from 1000
to 1500 CE including long distance trade, banking,
specialization of labor, commercialization, urbanization
and technological and scientific progress. |
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16.C.3b (W) Describe
the economic systems and trade patterns of North America,
South America and Mesoamerica before the encounter
with the Europeans. |
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16.C.3c (W) Describe
the impact of technology (e.g., weaponry, transportation,
printing press, microchips) in different parts of the
world, 1500-present. |
| Understand
Illinois, United States and world social history. |
16.D.3a
(US) Describe characteristics of different kinds
of communities in various sections of America during
the colonial/frontier periods and the 19th century. |
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16.D.3b
(US) Describe characteristics of different kinds
of families in America during the colonial/frontier
periods and the 19th century. |
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16.D.3 (W) Identify
the origins and analyze consequences of events that
have shaped world social history including famines,
migrations, plagues, slave trading. |
| Understand Illinois,
United States and world environmental history. |
16.E.3a (US) Describe
how early settlers in Illinois and the United States
adapted to, used and changed the environment prior
to 1818. |
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16.E.3b
(US) Describe how the largely rural population
of the United States adapted, used and changed the
environment after 1818. |
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16.E.3c
(US) Describe the impact of urbanization and
suburbanization, 1850-present, on the environment. |
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16.E.3a
(W) Describe how the people of the Huang He,
Tigris-Euphrates, Nile and Indus river valleys shaped
their environments during the agricultural revolution,
4000 - 1000 BCE. |
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16.E.3b
(W) Explain how expanded European and Asian contacts
affected the environment on both continents, 1000
BCE - 1500 CE. |
| Locate,describe
and explain places, regions and features on the Earth. |
17.A.3a Explain
how people use geographic markers and boundaries to
analyze and navigate the Earth (e.g., hemispheres,
meridians, continents, bodies of water). |
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17.A.3b Explain
how to make and use geographic representations to provide
and enhance spatial information including maps, graphs,
charts, models, aerial photographs, satellite images. |
| Analyze and
explain characteristics and interactions of the Earth's
physical systems. |
17.B.3a Explain
how physical processes including climate, plate tectonics,
erosion, soil formation, water cycle, and circulation
patterns in the ocean shape patterms in the environment
and influence availablity and quality of natural resources. |
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17.B.3b Explain
how changes in components of an ecosystem affect the
system overall. |
| Understand relationships
between geographic factors and society. |
17.C.3a Explain
how human activity is affected by geographic factors. |
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17.C.3b Explain
how patterns of resources are used throughout the world. |
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17.C.3c Analyze
how human processes influence settlement patterns including
migration and population growth. |
| Understand the
historical significance fo geography. |
17.D.3a Explain
how and why spatial patterns of settlement change over
time. |
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17.D.3b Explain
how interactions of geographic factors have shaped
present conditions. |
| Compare characteristics
of culture as reflected in language, literature, the
arts, traditions and institutions. |
18.A.3 Explain
how language, literature, the arts, architecture and
traditions contribute to the development and transmission
of culture. |
| Understand the
roles and interactions of individuals and groups in
society. |
18.B.3a Analyze
how individuals and groups interact with and within
institutions (e.g., educational, military). |
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18.B.3b Explain
how social institutions contribute to the development
and transmission of culture. |
| Understand how
social systems form and develop over time. |
18.C.3a Describe
ways in which a diverse U.S. population has developed
and maintained common beliefs (e.g., life, liberty
and the pursuit of happiness; the Constitution and
the Bill of Rights). |
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18.C.3b Explain
how diverse groups have contributed to U.S. social
systems over time. |
